Amoxicillin - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (capsules and tablets 250 mg and 500 mg, suspension) drugs for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia and other infections in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Amoxicillin. Comments of visitors of the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors specialists on the use of Amoxicillin in their practice are presented. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Amoxicillin in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis and other infectious diseases of pulmonary,urogenital and other systems of the body of adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Influence of joint use of medicinal product and alcohol.

Amoxicillin - antibacterial bactericidal acid-resistant broad spectrum agent from the group of semisynthetic penicillins. It inhibits transpeptidase, breaks the synthesis of peptidoglycan (the supporting protein of the cell wall) in the period of division and growth, causes bacterial lysis.

It is active against aerobic gram-positive and aerobic gram-negative bacteria. The microorganisms producing penicillinase are resistant to the action of amoxicillin.

Pharmacokinetics

Eating does not affect absorption, does not break down in the acidic environment of the stomach. In high concentrations it is found in plasma, sputum, bronchial secretion (in the purulent bronchial secretion the distribution is weak), pleural and peritoneal fluid, urine, contents of skin blisters, lung tissue, intestinal mucosa, female genital organs, prostate gland, middle ear fluid, bone , adipose tissue, gall bladder (with normal liver function), fetal tissues. When the dose is doubled, the concentration also doubles.It is excreted by 50-70% kidneys in unchanged form by tubular secretion (80%) and glomerular filtration (20%), liver - 10-20%. In small amounts excreted in breast milk. Amoxicillin is removed during hemodialysis.

Indications

Bacterial infections caused by sensitive microflora:

• respiratory tract infections and ENT organs (sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia);
• infection of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, gonorrhea, endometritis, cervicitis);
• infections of the digestive tract (peritonitis, enterocolitis, typhoid fever, cholangitis, cholecystitis);
• infections of the skin and soft tissues (erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses); leptospirosis;
• listeriosis;
• Lyme disease (borreliosis);
• dysentery;
• salmonellosis;
• salmonella;
• meningitis;
• endocarditis (prophylaxis);
• sepsis.

Forms of release

Tablets 250 mg and 500 mg.

Capsules 250 mg and 500 mg.

Granules for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration of 250 mg (pediatric form of the drug).

Forms in the form of injections (injections) do not exist.

Instructions for use and dosage

Inside, before or after eating.

Adults and children over 10 years of age (with a body weight of more than 40 kg) are prescribed 500 mg 3 times a day; at a serious current of an infection - on 0.75-1 g 3 times a day.

Children are prescribed as a suspension: at the age of 5-10 years - 250 mg (5 ml of suspension) 3 times a day; 2-5 years - 125 mg (2.5 ml of suspension) 3 times a day; younger than 2 years - 20 mg / kg body weight per day, divided into 3 doses.

In preterm and newborns, the dose is reduced and / or the interval between doses is increased. The course of treatment is 5-12 days.

Preparation of the suspension: in the vial add water to the risks and shake well. The prepared suspension is stable at room temperature for 14 days. Before each use, the suspension must be shaken. 5 ml of the prepared suspension (1 measuring spoon) contain 250 mg of amoxicillin.

In acute uncomplicated gonorrhea appoint 3 g once; in the treatment of women, repeated intake of this dose is recommended.

In acute infectious diseases of the digestive tract (paratyphoid, typhoid) and biliary tract, with gynecological infectious diseases adults - 1.5-2 g 3 or 1-1.5 g 4 times a day.

When leptospirosis adults - 0.5-0.75 g 4 times a day for 6-12 days.

With salmonella carrying adults - 1.5-2 g 3 times a day for 2-4 weeks.

For the prevention of endocarditis with small surgical interventions for adults - 3 - 4 g for 1 h before the procedure.If necessary, appoint a second dose after 8-9 hours.

In children, the dose is reduced by a factor of 2.

Side effect

• hives;
• hyperemia of the skin;
• erythema;
• angioedema;
• rhinitis;
• conjunctivitis;
• fever;
• pain in the joints;
• eosinophilia;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• anaphylactic shock;
• dysbiosis;
• vomiting, nausea;
• diarrhea;
• stomatitis, glossitis;
• excitation;
• anxiety;
• insomnia;
• confusion of consciousness;
• behavior change;
• depression;
• headache, dizziness;
• leukopenia, neutropenia;
• anemia;
• tachycardia;
• superinfection (especially in patients with chronic diseases or reduced resistance of the body).

Contraindications

• allergic diathesis;
• bronchial asthma;
• Pollinosis;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• lymphocytic leukemia;
• liver failure;
• Gastrointestinal disease in history (especially colitis, associated with the use of antibiotics);
• lactation period;
• increased sensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems).

With care - pregnancy, kidney failure, hemorrhages in the anamnesis.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

With caution apply the drug during pregnancy. Contraindicated during lactation.

special instructions

In course treatment it is necessary to monitor the status of the functions of the organs of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.

It is possible to develop superinfection due to the growth of insensitive microflora, which requires a corresponding change in antibacterial therapy.

When administered to patients with bacteremia, the bacteriolysis reaction may develop (the Yarisch-Gerxheimer reaction).

In patients who are hypersensitive to penicillins, there may be cross-allergic reactions with cephalosporin antibiotics.

In the treatment of mild diarrhea against the background of course treatment, antidiarrheal drugs should be avoided, which reduce intestinal peristalsis; it is possible to use kaolin- or attapulgite-containing antidiarrhoeic agents. With severe diarrhea, you should see a doctor.

Treatment necessarily continues for another 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of the disease.

When using estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and amoxicillin concomitantly, other or additional methods of contraception should be used whenever possible.

Amoxicillin and alcohol are not allowed.Joint reception can lead to severe hepatic and renal impairment.

Drug Interactions

Pharmaceutically incompatible with aminoglycosides (to avoid mutual inactivation it is impossible to mix).

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, food, aminoglycosides slow down and decrease absorption; Ascorbic acid increases absorption.

Bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) - synergistic action; bacteriostatic drugs (macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) antagonistic.

Increases the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing the intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index); reduces the effectiveness of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, drugs, in the process of metabolism of which forms paraaminobenzoic acid, ethinyl estradiol - the risk of development of bleeding breakthrough.

Diuretics, allopurinol, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs, drugs that block tubular secretion, reduce tubular secretion, increase concentration.

Allopurinol increases the risk of skin rash.

Reduces clearance and increases the toxicity of methotrexate.

Increases the absorption of digoxin.

Analogues of the drug Amoxicillin

Structural analogs for the active substance:

• Amoxisar;
• Amoxicillin Sandoz;
• Amoxicillin trihydrate;
• Amosin;
• Gonoform;
• Grunamox;
• Danemox;
• Ospamox;
• Flemoxin Solutab;
• Hiconcile;
• EcoBall.

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