Amoxiclav - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and forms of the drug (tablets 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 875 mg, 1000 mg, suspension) for the treatment of infectious diseases in adults, children and pregnancy
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Amoxiclav. Comments of visitors of the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Amoxiclav in their practice are presented. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Amoxiclav in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of various infectious diseases in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.Drinking alcohol and possible consequences after taking Amoxiclav.
Amoxiclav - is a combination of Amoxicillin - a semi-synthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and clavulanic acid - an irreversible beta-lactamase inhibitor. Clavulanic acid forms a stable inactivated complex with these enzymes and ensures the stability of amoxicillin against the effects of beta-lactamases produced by microorganisms.
Clavulanic acid, similar in structure to beta-lactam antibiotics, has a weak intrinsic antibacterial activity.
Amoxiclav has a broad spectrum of antibacterial action.
It is active against amoxicillin-sensitive strains, including strains producing beta-lactamases, incl. aerobic gram-positive bacteria, aerobic gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative anaerobes.
Pharmacokinetics
The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar. Both components are well absorbed after taking the drug inside, eating does not affect the degree of absorption.Both components are characterized by a good distribution in the fluids and tissues of the body (lungs, middle ear, pleural and peritoneal fluids, uterus, ovaries, etc.). Amoxicillin also penetrates into the synovial fluid, liver, prostate, palatine tonsils, muscle tissue, gall bladder, the secret of the paranasal sinuses, saliva, bronchial secretions. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid do not penetrate the BBB in non-inflamed meninges. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid penetrate the placental barrier and in trace concentrations are excreted in breast milk. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are characterized by low binding to plasma proteins. Amoxicillin is partially metabolized, clavulanic acid undergoes, apparently, intensive metabolism. Amoxicillin is excreted by the kidneys practically unchanged through tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Clavulanic acid is excreted by glomerular filtration, partly in the form of metabolites.
Indications
Infections caused by sensitive strains of microorganisms:
- infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (including acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and chronic otitis media, zaglugal abscess, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
- infections of the lower respiratory tract (including acute bronchitis with bacterial superinfection, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia);
- urinary tract infections;
- gynecological infections;
- skin and soft tissue infections, including animal and human bites;
- infections of bone and connective tissue;
- infection of the biliary tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis);
- odontogenic infections.
Forms of release
Powder for preparation of injection solution for intravenous administration (4) 500 mg, 1000 mg.
Powder for the preparation of a suspension for ingestion 125 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg (convenient pediatric form of the drug).
Tablets, film-coated 250 mg, 500 mg, 875 mg.
Instructions for use and dosage
Adults and children over 12 years of age (or more than 40 kg of body weight): the usual dose for a mild to moderate infection is 1 tablet 250 + 125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours, in case of severe infection and respiratory tract infections - 1 tablet 500 + 125 mg every 8 hours or 1 table. 875 + 125 mg every 12 hours.Tablets are not prescribed for children under 12 years of age (less than 40 kg of body weight).
The maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) is 600 mg for adults, 10 mg / kg for children. The maximum daily dose of amoxicillin is 6 g for adults and 45 mg / kg for children.
The course of treatment is 5-14 days. The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not last more than 14 days without a second medical examination.
Dosage for odontogenic infections: 1 table. 250 + 125 mg every 8 hours or 1 table. 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours for 5 days.
Dosage for renal failure: for patients with moderate renal insufficiency (Cl creatinine - 10-30 ml / min), the dose is 1 table. 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours; for patients with severe renal failure (Cl creatinine less than 10 ml / min), the dose is 1 table. 500 + 125 mg every 24 hours.
Side effect
Side effects in most cases are mild and transitory.
- loss of appetite;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- stomach ache;
- itching, urticaria, erythematous rash;
- angioedema;
- anaphylactic shock;
- allergic vasculitis;
- exfoliative dermatitis;
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- reversible leukopenia (including neutropenia);
- thrombocytopenia;
- hemolytic anemia;
- eosinophilia;
- dizziness, headache;
- convulsions (may occur in patients with impaired renal function when taking the drug in high doses);
- sense of anxiety;
- insomnia;
- interstitial nephritis;
- crystalluria;
- development of superinfection (including candidiasis).
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug;
- increased sensitivity in the anamnesis to penicillins, cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics;
- the presence in the anamnesis of indications of cholestatic jaundice and / or other violations of the liver function caused by the use of amoxicillin / clavulanic acid;
- infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia.
Application in pregnancy and lactation
Amoksiklav it is possible to appoint or nominate at pregnancy at presence of accurate indications.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in small amounts are excreted in breast milk.
special instructions
With the course of treatment should monitor the functions of the organs of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.
Patients with severe impairment of renal function require adequate correction of the dosing regimen or an increase in the intervals between dosing.
To reduce the risk of adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, you should take the drug while eating.
Laboratory tests: high concentrations of amoxicillin give a false positive reaction to urine glucose when using a Benedict reagent or Felling solution. It is recommended to use enzymatic reactions with glucosidase.
It is forbidden to use Amoxiclav with simultaneous use of alcohol in any form, as the risk of hepatic disturbances is seriously increased when they are taken at the same time.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms
Data on the adverse effects of Amoxiclav in the recommended doses on the ability to drive or work with machines are not.
Drug Interactions
With the simultaneous use of the drug Amoxiclav with antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, absorption slows down, with Ascorbic acid - increases.
Diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs and other drugs that block tubular secretion, increase the concentration of amoxicillin (clavulanic acid is excreted in the mainby glomerular filtration).
With the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav increases the toxicity of methotrexate.
With the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav and allopurinol, the frequency of development of exanthema increases.
Simultaneous administration with Disulfiram should be avoided.
In some cases, taking the drug may prolong prothrombin time, therefore caution should be exercised while concomitant administration of anticoagulants and Amoxiclav preparation.
The combination of amoxicillin and rifampicin is antagonistic (there is a mutual weakening of antibacterial action).
Amoxiclav should not be used concomitantly with bacteriostatic antibiotics (macrolides, tetracyclines), sulfonamides due to a possible decrease in the effectiveness of Amoxiclav.
Probenecid reduces the excretion of amoxicillin, increasing its serum concentration.
Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Antibiotic analogues Amoxiclav
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Amovicomb;
- Amoksiklav Quiktab;
- Arlette;
- Augmentin;
- Bactocklave;
- Verklav;
- Clamosar;
- Liklave;
- Médoclase;
- Panklav;
- Ranklav;
- Rapiklav;
- Taromentine;
- Flemoclav Solutab;
- Ecoclave.
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