Unazine - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (powder for the preparation of solution for injection 0.75 g, 1.5 g and 3 g or suspension, tablets 375 mg) antibiotic for the treatment of infections in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Unazine. There are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Unazine in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues Unazin in the presence of existing structural analogs. Use to treat pneumonia, dysentery, pyelonephritis and other infectious diseases in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Unazine - bactericidal antibiotic of broad spectrum of action, acid-fast. Block the synthesis of peptidoglycan cell walls of microorganisms.

The first active substance is ampicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is destroyed by beta-lactamases. The second component (sulbactam), without antibacterial activity, inhibits beta-lactamase and therefore ampicillin acquires the ability to act on stable (producing beta-lactamase) strains.

Unazine is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus aureus), Streptococcus spp. (streptococcus), Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella spp. (Klebsiella), Proteus spp. (proteus), Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Clostridium spp., non-spore-forming anaerobes Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp. (including Bacteroides fragilis).

Ineffective against penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococci, all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most strains of Klebsiella and enterobacteria.

Activity against non-beta-lactamase-producing pathogens does not exceed the activity of one ampicillin.

Composition

Ampicillin + Sulbactam + excipients.

Pharmacokinetics

Unazine penetrates most tissues and body fluids; at an inflammation permeability in a spinal fluid sharply increases. After intravenous and intramuscular injection, high concentrations of sulbactam and ampicillin are achieved in the blood. Ampicillin is excreted by the kidneys - 70-80%, mainly in unchanged form, as well as with bile and breast milk. Sulbactam is almost not subjected to metabolic transformations and is excreted by the kidneys, mainly in the unchanged state and only about 25% - in the form of metabolites.

Indications

• infections of the respiratory system, including pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic bronchitis, empyema of the pleura;
• infection of ENT organs, including sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media;
• urinary tract and genital tract infections (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, endometritis);
• infection of the biliary tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis);
• infections of the skin and soft tissues (erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatitis);
• infections of the gastrointestinal tract (dysentery, salmonellosis, salmonellae);
• infection of bones and joints;
• septic endocarditis;
• meningitis;
• sepsis;
• peritonitis;
• scarlet fever;
• gonococcal infection;
• prevention of postoperative complications in operations on the abdominal and pelvic organs.

Forms of release

Powder for solution for injection 0.75 g, 1.5 g and 3 g (injections in ampoules).

Powder for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration of 250 mg in 5 ml.

The tablets covered with a cover 375 mg.

Instructions for use and dosing regimen

Unazine is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. For intravenous administration Unazine is diluted with sterile water for injection or any other compatible solution. For 0.75 g of the preparation, 1.6 ml of solvent is required, for 1.5 g and 3 g - 3.2 ml and 6.4 ml, respectively. To make sure that the drug is completely dissolved, you should wait for the disappearance of the formed foam and evaluate visually the completeness of dissolution. The dose can be administered as a bolus for at least 3 minutes. It can also be diluted and administered as an intravenous infusion for 15-30 minutes.

With intramuscular administration Unazine should be injected deep into the muscle; with the appearance of pain to dissolve the powder, a 0.5% sterile solution of Lidocaine hydrochloride for injection can be used.

Usually, the dose of Unazine varies from 1.5 to 12 g per day, in several doses every 6 or 8 hours; the maximum daily dose of sulbactam is 4 g.

With less severe infections, the drug can be used every 12 hours.

The frequency of administration and dosage of the drug depend on the severity of the disease and the function of the patient's kidneys. Treatment is usually continued for another 48 hours after the normalization of body temperature and the disappearance of other pathological symptoms. The duration of the course of therapy is 5-14 days, but in more severe cases it can be increased or additionally prescribed ampicillin.

For the prevention of surgical infections, 1,5-3 g of Unazine should be administered during an introductory anesthesia, which provides sufficient time to achieve effective concentrations in the serum and tissues during the operation. The dose can be repeated every 6-8 hours; In most surgical interventions, the drug is usually discontinued 24 hours after surgery, unless the administration of Unazine is indicated for therapeutic purposes.

For the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea Unazine can be administered once in a dose of 1.5 g. In order to increase the duration of the content of sulbactam and ampicillin in the plasma should simultaneously appoint probenecid at a dose of 1 g inside.

In the treatment of most infections in children from birth, the daily dose of Unazine is 150 mg per 1kg of body weight (corresponding to 50 mg per kg of body weight per day of sulbactam and 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of ampicillin). In children, infants and newborns, the drug is usually administered every 6-8 hours in accordance with the usual practice of ampicillin.

In newborns in the first week of life (especially preterm), it is recommended that 75 mg per kg of body weight per day be administered in divided doses at an interval of 12 hours.

In patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml per minute), the removal of sulbactam and ampicillin is disturbed to an equal extent, so the ratio of their concentrations in the plasma does not change. For such patients, Unazine should be administered less frequently in accordance with the usual practice of ampicillin.

Side effect

• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;
• increased activity of hepatic enzymes;
• pain at the injection site;
• with intravenous injection - phlebitis;
• rash, itching and other skin reactions;
• anaphylactoid reactions.

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• lactation period;
• with caution: hepatic and / or renal failure, pregnancy.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Caution should be applied Unazine during pregnancy. It is contraindicated during lactation (breastfeeding).

Use in children

The application is possible according to the dosing regimen.

special instructions

In patients who are hypersensitive to penicillins, there may be cross-allergic reactions with cephalosporin antibiotics.

At course treatment Unazin it is necessary to carry out the control of a condition of functions of bodies of a hemopoiesis, a liver and kidneys.

It is possible to develop superinfection by increasing the microflora insensitive to the drug, which requires an appropriate change in antibacterial therapy.

In the treatment of patients with sepsis, the development of a bacteriolysis reaction (the Yarisch-Gerxheimer reaction) is possible.

Drug Interactions

Pharmaceutically incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates, aminoglycosides.

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, food, aminoglycosides (for enteral administration) slow down and decrease the absorption of Unazine.

Ascorbic acid increases absorption.

Bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) have a synergistic effect; bacteriostatic medicinal agents (macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) - antagonistic.

Unazine improves the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing the intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index); reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, drugs, in the process of metabolism which produces paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), and ethinyl estradiol (risk of bleeding "breakthrough").

Diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other drugs that reduce tubular secretion, increase the concentration of ampicillin in plasma.

Allopurinol increases the risk of skin rash.

Analogues of the drug Unazine

Structural analogs for the active substance:

• Ammisid;
• Ampicillin + Sulbactam;
• Libacil;
• Sultasin.

Analogues of the drug Unazin by the pharmacological group (penicillins in combinations):

• Amovicomb;
• Amoxivan;
• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid;
• Amoxicillin trihydrate + potassium clavulanate;
• Ampioks;
• Ammisid;
• Ampicillin + Sulbactam;
• Arlette;
• Augmentin;
• Bactocklave;
• Betaclav;
• Bicillin 3;
• Bicillin 5;
• Verklav;
• Clamosar;
• Lancid;
• Libacil;
• Médoclase;
• Novaklav;
• Oxamp;
• Oksamsar;
• Panklav;
• Piperacillin + Tazobactam;
• Ranklav;
• Rapiklav;
• Santa's;
• Sultasin;
• Tazocine;
• Taromentine;
• Tacillin;
• Timentin;
• Trifamox;
• Fibell;
• Flemoclav Solutab;
• Foraklav;
• Helicocin;
• Helithrix;
• Ecoclave.

Surgeon's doctor's opinion

I use this combined antibiotic for the treatment of patients with erysipelas, phlegmon, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, provided that the bacterial flora that caused inflammation is sensitive to it. I usually prescribe an intramuscular injection of the drug, but in severe cases it is necessary to resort to intravenous infusions. Adverse reactions to Unazine therapy are not often developed, but there are. In my practice, changes in blood tests were registered in patients, namely a decrease in the number of leukocytes and platelets. In one patient with peritonitis, who received Unazine for a long time, the activity of liver enzymes increased sharply. Over time, after the abolition of the antibiotic, all the indicators returned to normal.

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