Salbutamol - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and formulations (aerosol or spray for inhalation of 100 mcg, 2 mg and 4 mg tablets) for the treatment of bronchial asthma in adults, children and pregnancy. Composition and side effects
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Salbutamol. Presented are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Salbutamol in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Salbutamol in the presence of existing structural analogues.Use for the treatment of bronchial asthma and cupping of bronchospasm in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Composition of the preparation.
Salbutamol - is a selective antagonist of beta2-adrenergic receptors. At therapeutic doses it acts on beta2-adrenergic receptors bronchial smooth muscle, exerting a pronounced bronchodilator effect, prevents and relieves bronchoconstriction, increases lung capacity. Prevents the release of histamine, a slowly reacting substance from mast cells and neutrophil chemotaxis factors. Causes a slight positive chrono and inotropic effect, dilates the coronary arteries practically does not reduce blood pressure. It has a tocolytic effect: it lowers the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium.
It has a number of metabolic effects: reduces the content of potassium in the plasma affects glycogenolysis and insulin release, has hyperglycemic (especially in asthmatic patients) and a lipolytic effect, increases the risk of acidosis.
The action of the drug begins 5 minutes after inhalation and lasts for 4-6 hours.
Composition
Salbutamol sulfate + auxiliary substances.
Pharmacokinetics
After inhalation, 10 to 20% of the dose falls into the respiratory tract. The rest is retained in the device or settles in the oropharynx and then swallowed. Part of the dose that remains in the airway is absorbed by the lung tissue, without being metabolized in the lungs, and enters the bloodstream. If it enters the systemic circulation, it can be metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly with urine in the unchanged form or in the form of phenolic sulfate. The degree of binding of salbutamol with plasma proteins is 10%. Part of the dose received in the digestive tract is absorbed and subjected to intensive metabolism during the "first passage" through the liver, turning into phenolic sulfate. The unchanged drug and conjugate are excreted mainly in the urine. Most of the dose of salbutamol administered intravenously, by mouth or by inhalation, is excreted within 72 hours.
Indications
- prevention and relief of bronchospasm in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
Forms of release
Aerosol for inhalation dosed with 100 mcg (sometimes mistakenly called a spray).
Tablets 2 mg and 4 mg.
Instructions for use and dosage
Adults and children over 12 years of age: 100-200 micrograms (1-2 inhalation doses) for arresting asthma attacks. To control the course of asthma of mild severity - 1-2 doses 1-4 times a day and moderate severity of the disease - in the same dosage in combination with other anti-asthmatic drugs. For the prevention of asthma physical effort - for 20-30 minutes before the load 1-2 doses per reception.
Children from 2 to 12 years: with the development of an attack of bronchial asthma, as well as to prevent attacks of bronchial asthma associated with exposure to an allergen or caused by physical exertion, the recommended dose is 100-200 μg (1 or 2 inhalations).
The daily dose should not exceed 800 mcg (8 inhalations).
Instructions for use of the inhaler
Check the operation of the inhaler before using it for the first time, or if you have not used it for a while.
- Remove the cap from the inhaler. Ensure that there is no dust and dirt in the outlet tube.
- Hold the balloon in an upright position, placing your thumb on the bottom, and your index finger on the top of the balloon.
- Shake the can vigorously up and down.
- Do as deep as possible (without tension).Tighten the lips of the exit tube of the can.
- Take a slow deep breath. At the moment of inspiration, press the index finger on the valve of the can, releasing the dose of the medicine. Continue to inhale slowly.
- Take the inhaler tube out of your mouth and hold your breath for 10 seconds or as long as you can without stress. Slowly exhale.
If more than one dose is required, wait for about a minute and then repeat the procedure from step 2. Put the cap back on the inhaler.
In steps 3 and 4, do not rush. At the time of release, it is important to inhale as slowly as possible. In the beginning, practice around the mirror. If you notice steam coming from the top of the can or from the corners of the mouth, start again from step 2.
Cleaning the inhaler
The inhaler should be cleaned at least once a week. Remove the metal can from the plastic case and rinse the case and cap with warm water. Do not use hot water. Thoroughly dry, but do not use heating devices for this. Put the cylinder back in the case and put on the cap. Do not immerse the metal cylinder in water.
Side effect
- tremor of fingers;
- headache;
- dizziness;
- increased excitability;
- anxiety;
- sleep disturbance;
- insomnia;
- widening of peripheral vessels (hyperemia of the facial skin);
- the appearance of pain in the chest;
- arthralgia;
- angioedema;
- hives;
- nasal congestion;
- bronchospasm;
- muscle cramps;
- nausea, vomiting;
- dyspepsia;
- cough;
- stimulation and increase in motor activity in children;
- occurrence of arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and extrasystole).
Contraindications
- rhythm disturbances (paroxysmal tachycardia, polytopic ventricular extrasystole);
- myocarditis;
- heart defects;
- aortic stenosis;
- cardiac ischemia;
- tachyarrhythmia;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- Decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- glaucoma;
- epileptic seizures;
- pyloroduodenal constriction;
- renal or hepatic insufficiency;
- simultaneous reception of non-selective beta-blockers;
- pregnancy;
- children's age up to 2 years;
- hypersensitivity to any component of the drug.
Application in pregnancy and lactation
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
During lactation, it is prescribed only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother exceeds any possible risk to the child.
Use in children
Children from 2 to 12 years: with the development of an attack of bronchial asthma, as well as to prevent attacks of bronchial asthma associated with exposure to an allergen or caused by physical exertion, the recommended dose is 100-200 μg (1 or 2 inhalations).
special instructions
In patients with a severe or unstable course of bronchial asthma, the use of bronchodilators should not be the primary or only method of therapy. If the effect of the usual dose of Salamol Eco becomes less effective or less prolonged (the drug should last at least 3 hours), the patient should consult a doctor.
Frequent use of salbutamol can lead to increased bronchospasm, sudden death, and therefore between the doses of regular doses of the drug should take breaks in a few hours.
The increased need for the use of inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists with short duration of action to control the symptoms of bronchial asthma indicates an exacerbation of the disease.In such cases, the patient's treatment plan should be reviewed and the question of prescribing or increasing the dose of inhaled or systemic glucocorticosteroids (SCS) should be considered.
Therapy with beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists can lead to hypokalemia. It is recommended to exercise extreme caution in the treatment of severe attacks of bronchial asthma, because in these cases, hypokalemia may increase as a result of simultaneous use of xanthine derivatives, GCS, diuretics, and also due to hypoxia. In such situations, it is necessary to monitor the potassium level in the blood serum.
The cylinder with salbutamol should not be pierced, disassembled or thrown into the fire, even if it is empty. Like most other means for inhalation in aerosol packages, salbutamol may be less effective at low temperatures. When cooling the bottle, it is recommended to remove it from the plastic case and warm it with your hands for several minutes.
To determine the reversibility of bronchial patency and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing therapy, use samples with bronchodilators (bronchodilators), such as Salbutamol.
The drug contains ethanol (alcohol).This fact must be taken into account when driving a vehicle.
Drug Interactions
Theophylline and other xanthines, when used simultaneously with salbutamol, increase the likelihood of developing tachyarrhythmias; means for inhalation anesthesia, levodopa - severe ventricular arrhythmias.
It is not recommended to simultaneously use Salamol Eco and nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor blockers, such as propranolol.
MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants increase the effect of salbutamol and can lead to a sharp decrease in blood pressure.
Salbutamol enhances the effect of CNS stimulants, side effects of thyroid hormones, cardiac glycosides.
Reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs, nitrates.
Hypokalemia can be exacerbated by the simultaneous use of xanthine derivatives, GCS, diuretics.
Simultaneous administration with anticholinergics (including inhalation) may help increase intraocular pressure.
Analogues of the drug Salbutamol
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Aloprole;
- Astalin;
- Ventolin;
- Ventolin Nebula;
- Volmaks;
- Salamol;
- Salamol Eco;
- Salmo;
- Salben;
- Salvobent;
- Salbutamol Teva;
- Salbutamol hemisuccinate;
- Salbutamol sulfate;
- Salgim;
- Saltos;
- Sterineb Salamol;
- Cibutocaps Cibutocaps.
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