Ketamine - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and forms of release (injections in ampoules for injection 5% hydrochloride) drugs for non-anional anesthesia in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Ketamine. Presented are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors specialists on the use of Ketamine in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Ketamine in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for non-anional anesthesia in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Ketamine - A tool for non-anional anesthesia.With a single intravenous injection of ketamine, the narcotic effect (the drug is a drug and subject to special accounting) comes 30-60 seconds after the administration and lasts 5-10 minutes (up to 15 minutes). With intramuscular administration of ketamine at a dose of 4-8 mg / kg, the effect occurs after 2-4 minutes (up to 6-8 minutes) and lasts an average of 12-25 minutes (up to 30-40 minutes). Ketamine causes a pronounced analgesic effect (up to 2 hours), but insufficient relaxation of the muscles. With the introduction of ketamine, pharyngeal, laryngeal and cough reflexes remain, independent adequate pulmonary ventilation. Metabolised in the liver.

Composition

Ketamine (in the form of hydrochloride) + auxiliary substances.

Pharmacokinetics

Ketamine is a lipophilic compound and, in connection with this, is rapidly distributed into well-supplied blood-forming organs, incl. in the brain, and then redistributed into tissues with reduced perfusion. Metabolised in the liver. It is excreted by the kidneys mainly in the form of conjugated metabolites.

Indications

• for introductory and basic anesthesia, with short-term surgical interventions requiring and not requiring muscle relaxation
• with painful instrumental and diagnostic manipulations
• when transporting patients
• burn surface treatment.

Forms of release

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection 5% (injections in ampoules for injection).

Other dosage forms, such as tablets, do not exist.

Instructions for use and how to use them

Depending on the indications, the patient's age, the clinical situation, the drugs used for premedication, a single dose for intravenous administration is 0.5-4.5 mg / kg, for IV IM, 4-13 mg / kg.

Side effect

• increased blood pressure;
• tachycardia;
• hypersalivation;
• psychomotor agitation and hallucinations in the period of withdrawal from anesthesia;
• dyspnea;
• respiratory depression;
• extremely seldom at the site of administration, pain and hyperemia are possible along the vein.

Contraindications

• disorders of cerebral circulation;
• arterial hypertension;
• angina and heart failure in the phase of decompensation;
• preeclampsia and eclampsia;
• epilepsy in childhood.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Ketamine penetrates the placental barrier. The safety of ketamine during pregnancy is not established. Use in this category of patients is not recommended.

Use in children

Contraindicated in epilepsy in childhood.

special instructions

Use with caution in patients with kidney disease. In operations on the larynx and pharynx, ketamine is used in combination with muscle relaxants.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms

After applying ketamine for at least 24 hours, patients should refrain from driving vehicles and other potentially hazardous activities.

Drug Interactions

Ketamine potentiates the action of funds for inhalation anesthesia. Strengthens the effect of tubocurarine, but does not alter the action of pancuronium and succinylcholine.

Ketamine is chemically incompatible with barbiturates due to the formation of precipitate.

Before applying ketamine, it is necessary to cancel Lincomycin and lithium preparations (for 1-2 days).

Before using ketamine, MAO inhibitors should be discontinued (within 15 days).

It is not recommended to prescribe ketamine with sympathomimetics and drugs that have a stimulating effect on the cardiovascular system (increased hypertensive and arrhythmogenic action, increased myocardial oxygen demand).

The cardiostimulatory effect of ketamine is weakened when combined with neuroleptics and anxiolytics.

Analogues of the drug Ketamine

Structural analogs for the active substance:

• Calypsole;
• Ketalar;
• Ketanest.

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