Acyclovir - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and formulations (tablets, ointment, cream, eye ointment - acrylic, hexal, acos) medications for oral and genital herpes in adults, children and pregnancy
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Acyclovir. There are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors specialists on the use of Acyclovir in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Acyclovir in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use to treat oral and genital herpes in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.Trademarks of various variants of acyclovir: Acry, HEXAL, AKOS.
Acyclovir - antiviral drug, a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside, which has a highly selective effect on herpes viruses. Inside virus-infected cells under the influence of viral thymidine kinase, a number of consecutive reactions of the transformation of acyclovir into mono-, di- and triphosphate of acyclovir occur. Acyclovir triphosphate is inserted into a chain of viral DNA and blocks its synthesis by competitive inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase.
Specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus. Highly active against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2; a virus that causes varicella and herpes zoster (Varicella zoster); of the Epstein-Barr virus (virus types are listed in order of increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of acyclovir). Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.
With herpes, prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of cutaneous dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, the bioavailability is 15-30%, and dose-dependent concentrations are created sufficient to effectively treat viral diseases. Food has no significant effect on the absorption of acyclovir. Acyclovir penetrates well into many organs, tissues and body fluids. Acyclovir penetrates through blood-brain and placental barriers, accumulates in breast milk. About 84% is excreted by the kidneys in an unchanged form, 14% - in the form of a metabolite. Less than 2% of acyclovir is excreted from the body through the intestine.
Indications
- treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by viruses Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types (genital and oral herpes), both primary and secondary, including genital herpes;
- prevention of exacerbations of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types, in patients with normal immune status;
- prevention of primary and recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 types, in patients with immunodeficiency;
- in the complex therapy of patients with severe immunodeficiency: with HIV infection (stage AIDS, early clinical manifestations and a developed clinical picture) and in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation;
- treatment of primary and recurrent infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox, and herpes zoster, herpes zoster).
Forms of release
Tablets 200 mg.
Ointment for external use 5%.
Cream for external use 5%.
Eye ointment 3%.
Lyophilizate for the preparation of a solution for infusions (in injections).
Instructions for use and dosage
Acyclovir is taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the severity of the disease.
Treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types
Adults
Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days with a 4-hour interval during the day and with an 8-hour interval at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended to the doctor's prescription up to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a developed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or when there is a violation of absorption from the intestine, 400 mg 5 times a day are prescribed.
Treatment should be started as soon as possible after the onset of infection; at relapse, acyclovir is prescribed in the prodromal period or with the appearance of the first elements of the rash.
Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types in patients with normal immune status
The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times a day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times a day (every 12 hours). In some cases, lower doses are effective - 200 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 2 times a day (every 12 hours).
Prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types, in patients with immunodeficiency.
The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times per day (every 6 hours). In case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or if absorption is violated from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times a day. The duration of the preventive course of therapy is determined by the duration of the infection risk period.
Treatment of infections caused by the virus Varicella zoster (chicken pox)
Adults
Assign 800 mg 5 times a day every 4 hours in the afternoon and with an 8-hour interval overnight. Duration of treatment 7-10 days.
Children
Assign 20 mg / kg 4 times a day for 5 days (the maximum single dose of 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years: 400 mg 4 times a day, over 6 years: 800 mg 4 times a day within 5 days.
Treatment should be started when the earliest signs or symptoms of chicken pox appear.
Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles)
Adults
Assign 800 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours for 5 days. Children over the age of 3 years of age are prescribed the drug at the same dose as adults.
Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpessimplex 1 and 2 types, children of childhood with immunodeficiency and normal immune status.
Children from 3 years to 6 years - 400 mg; over 6 years - 800 mg 4 times a day. A more accurate dose is determined from the calculation of 20 mg / kg of body weight, but not more than 800 mg. The course of treatment is 5 days. Data on the prevention of recurrence of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal immunity parameters are absent.
For treatment children Over 3 years, 800 mg of acyclovir is prescribed 4 times a day every 6 hours (as for the treatment of adults with immunodeficiency).
In the elderly, there is a decrease in clearance of acyclovir in the body in parallel with a decrease in the clearance of creatinine.taking large doses of the drug inside, should receive a sufficient amount of liquid. In case of renal insufficiency, it is necessary to solve the problem of reducing the dose of the drug.
Side effect
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
- abdominal pain;
- slight increase in urea and creatinine;
- Lakopenia, erythropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia;
- headache;
- dizziness;
- agitation, confusion, drowsiness;
- tremor;
- hallucinations;
- convulsions;
- dyspnea;
- anaphylactic reactions;
- skin rash, itching, urticaria;
- fatigue;
- fever;
- myalgia.
Contraindications
- lactation period;
- Children under 3 years old (for this dosage form).
Application in pregnancy and lactation
Acyclovir penetrates the placental barrier and accumulates in breast milk. The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if the intended benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. If you need to take acyclovir during lactation, interruption of breastfeeding is required.
special instructions
Acyclovir is used strictly according to the doctor's prescription to avoid complications in adults and children older than 3 years.
Duration acyclovir or retreatment of patients with reduced immunity can lead to the appearance of virus strains that are insensitive to its action. The majority of detected strains of viruses, insensitive to acyclovir, show a relative lack of viral thymidine kinase; strains with altered thymidine kinase or with altered DNA polymerase were isolated. In vitro, the action of acyclovir on isolated strains of the Herpes simplex virus can cause the appearance of less sensitive strains.
With caution, the drug is prescribed to patients with impaired renal function, elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.
When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the supply of a sufficient amount of liquid.
When taking the drug should monitor the function of the kidneys (the concentration of blood urea and blood plasma creatinine). Acyclovir does not prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted herpes, so the period of treatment should refrain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations. It is necessary to inform patients about the possibility of transmission of the virus of genital herpes in the period of rashes, as well as cases of asymptomatic virus carrying.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms
No data. However, it should be borne in mind that dizziness may develop during acyclovir treatment, so care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in potentially dangerous activities requiring increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Drug Interactions
Strengthening the effect of acyclovir is noted with the simultaneous administration of immunostimulants.
With simultaneous admission with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing renal dysfunction increases.
Analogues of the drug Acyclovir
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Acigerpine;
- Acyclovir Belupo;
- Acyclovir HEXAL;
- Acyclovir Sandoz;
- Acyclovir forte;
- Acyclovir-AKOS;
- Acyclovir-Acry;
- Acyclovir-Ferein;
- Acyclostad;
- Vero-Acyclovir;
- Vivorax;
- Virolex;
- Gervirax;
- Gerpevir;
- Gerperax;
- Herpes;
- Zovirax;
- Lysavir;
- The Medovar;
- Provirsan;
- Supperan;
- Cyclovax;
- Cyclovir;
- Cytivir.
Similar medicines:
Other medicines:
- D panthenol - instructions for use, real counterparts and formulation (cream, ointment, spray, shampoo, shower gel and facial mask) treatment for burns, fractures and acne in adults, children and in pregnancy. Structure of the medicine
- Bifiform - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (tablets, capsules, powder, drops-baby, baby, baby and complex) for the treatment of intestinal disorders in adults, children (newborns) and pregnancy
- Anaferon adult and children's - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and forms of release (tablets) of a medicinal product for the treatment and prevention of influenza, orvi including during pregnancy and lactation. Reception scheme