Atenolol - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (tablets 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) of the drug for the treatment of angina and heart rhythm disorders in adults, children and in pregnancy
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Atenolol. There are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Atenolol in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Atenolol in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of angina, heart rhythm disorders and pressure reduction in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.
Atenolol - has antianginal, antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effect. Does not possess membrane stabilizing and internal sympathomimetic activity. Reduces catecholamine-stimulated formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reduces the intracellular current of Ca2 +. In the first 24 hours after oral administration, with a decrease in cardiac output, there is a reactive increase in the total peripheral resistance of the vessels, which gradually returns to the initial peripheral resistance of the vessels within 1-3 days, and then gradually decreases. The hypotensive effect is associated with a decrease in the minute volume of blood, a decrease in the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, the sensitivity of the baroreceptors and the influence on the central nervous system. The hypotensive effect is manifested as a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), a decrease in the impact and minute volumes of blood.
In average therapeutic doses does not affect the tone of peripheral arteries. The hypotensive effect lasts 24 hours, with regular use stabilized by the end of the second week of treatment.
The antianginal effect is determined by the reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as a result of a decrease in the heart rate (diastolic elongation and improvement of myocardial perfusion) and contractility, as well as a decrease in myocardial sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation. It shines the heart rate (HR) at rest and under physical exertion. By increasing the end diastolic pressure in the left ventricle and increasing the stretching of the muscle fibers of the ventricles can increase the need for oxygen, especially in patients with chronic heart failure.
The antiarrhythmic effect is manifested by the suppression of sinus tachycardia and is associated with the elimination of arrhythmogenic sympathetic effects on the cardiac conduction system, a decrease in the rate of propagation of excitation through the sinoatrial node, and an elongation of the refractory period. Oppresses the impulses in the antegrade and, to a lesser extent, in retrograde directions through the AV (atrioventricular) node and along additional ways of carrying out.
Negative chronotropic effect is manifested after 1 hour after administration, reaches a maximum after 2-4 hours, lasts up to 24 hours.
Reduces the automatism of the sinus node, reduces heart rate, slows AV conduction, reduces myocardial contractility, reduces myocardial oxygen demand. Reduces the excitability of the myocardium. When used in moderate therapeutic doses, it has a less pronounced effect on the smooth musculature of the bronchi and peripheral arteries than non-selective beta-blockers.
Increases the survival rate of patients who underwent myocardial infarction (reduces the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and angina attacks).
Virtually does not weaken the bronchodilating effect of isoproterenol.
In contrast to nonselective beta-blockers, when administered at moderate therapeutic doses, it has a less pronounced effect on organs containing beta2-adrenergic receptors (pancreas, skeletal muscles, smooth muscle of peripheral arteries, bronchi and uterus), and carbohydrate metabolism; the severity of atherogenic action does not differ from that of propranolol. To a lesser extent, it has a negative batmo-, chrono-, ino-and dromotropic effect. When used in large doses (more than 100 mg per day) has a blocking effect on both subtypes of beta adrenoreceptors.
Composition
Atenolol + auxiliary substances.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is fast, incomplete (50-60%). Poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier, passes in small amounts through the placental barrier and into breast milk. It is not metabolized in the liver. It is excreted by the kidneys by glomerular filtration (85-100% unchanged).
Indications
- arterial hypertension;
- prevention of angina attacks (except Prinzmetal angina pectoris);
- disorders of the heart rhythm: sinus tachycardia, prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, ventricular extrasystole;
- acute myocardial infarction with stable hemodynamic parameters.
Forms of release
Tablets (including coated) 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg.
Instructions for use and dosing regimen
Assign inside before eating, without chewing, squeezed a small amount of liquid.
Arterial hypertension. Treatment begins with 50 mg of atenolol 1 time per day. To achieve a stable hypotensive effect, 1 -2 weeks of admission is required. If the hypotensive effect is insufficient, the dose is increased to 100 mg in one dose.Further increase in the dose is not recommended, since it is not accompanied by an increase in the clinical effect.
With ischemic heart disease, tachysystolic heart rhythm disorders - 50 mg once a day.
Angina pectoris. The initial dose is 50 mg per day. If the optimum therapeutic effect is not achieved within a week, the dose to 100 mg per day is increased.
Older patients and patients with impaired renal excretory function need a correction of the dosing regimen.
In elderly patients, the initial single dose is 25 mg (can be increased under the control of blood pressure, heart rate).
An increase in the daily dose of more than 100 mg is not recommended, since the therapeutic effect is not increased, and the likelihood of side effects increases.
Side effect
- development (aggravation) of symptoms of chronic heart failure (swelling of the ankles, feet, shortness of breath);
- violation of atrioventricular conduction;
- arrhythmias;
- bradycardia;
- marked decrease in blood pressure;
- palpitation;
- weakening of myocardial contractility;
- orthostatic hypotension;
- manifestations of angiospasm (cooling of the lower extremities, Raynaud's syndrome);
- chest pain;
- dizziness;
- decreased ability to concentrate;
- decrease in reaction speed;
- drowsiness or insomnia;
- depression;
- hallucinations;
- increased fatigue;
- headache;
- weakness;
- "nightmarish" dreams;
- anxiety;
- confusion or short-term memory loss;
- paresthesia in the extremities (in patients with "intermittent" lameness and Raynaud's syndrome);
- muscle weakness;
- convulsions;
- dry mouth;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- abdominal pain;
- constipation or diarrhea;
- change in taste;
- bronchospasm;
- nasal congestion;
- thrombocytic purpura, anemia (aplastic);
- thrombosis;
- decreased potency;
- decreased libido;
- hypothyroid condition;
- hives;
- dermatitis;
- itching;
- photosensitivity;
- increased sweating;
- hyperemia of the skin;
- exacerbation of psoriasis;
- impaired vision;
- decrease in secretion of tear fluid;
- dryness and soreness of the eyes;
- conjunctivitis;
- backache;
- withdrawal syndrome (tachycardia, increased attacks of angina pectoris, increased blood pressure, etc.).
Contraindications
- cardiogenic shock;
- atrioventricular (AV) block of 2-3 st;
- pronounced bradycardia (heart rate less than 40 beats per minute);
- syndrome of weakness of the sinus node;
- sinoauric blockade;
- acute or chronic heart failure in the stage of decompensation;
- Cardiomegaly without symptoms of heart failure;
- angina of Prinzmetal;
- arterial hypotension (in case of use with myocardial infarction;
- systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg);
- lactation period;
- simultaneous administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO);
- age to 18 years (efficacy and safety of the drug are not established);
- hypersensitivity to the drug.
Application in pregnancy and lactation
Atenolol penetrates the placental barrier and is found in the umbilical cord blood. Studies on the use of atenolol in the first trimester have not been conducted and, therefore, the possibility of damaging effects on the fetus can not be ruled out. For treatment of hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy, the drug is used under close medical supervision. The use of atenolol during pregnancy can be a cause of impaired fetal growth.
Prescribe atenolol to pregnant women or pregnant women planning pregnancy should only be when the benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus, especially in the first and second trimester of pregnancy,as beta-adrenoblockers reduce the level of placental perfusion, which can lead to fetal death or its immaturity and premature birth. In addition, such side effects as hypoglycemia and bradycardia can be observed in both the fetus and the newborn.
special instructions
Control of patients taking atenolol should include monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure (at the beginning of treatment - every day, then once every 3-4 months), blood glucose in diabetic patients (once every 4-5 months). In elderly patients it is recommended to follow the function of the kidneys (once every 4-5 months).
You should teach the patient how to calculate heart rate and instruct you about the need for medical consultation at a heart rate of less than 50 beats per minute. In thyrotoxicosis, atenolol may mask certain clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis (eg, tachycardia). Abrupt withdrawal in patients with thyrotoxicosis is contraindicated, since it can strengthen symptoms. In diabetes mellitus can mask tachycardia caused by hypoglycemia. In contrast to nonselective beta-blockers, it does not substantially increase insulin-induced hypoglycemia and does not delay the recovery of glucose in the blood to normal concentrations.
In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), abrupt cancellation of beta-blockers can cause an increase in the frequency or severity of anginal attacks, so the cessation of atenolol in patients with IHD should be gradual.
Compared with non-selective beta-blockers, cardioselective beta-blockers have less effect on lung function, however, with obstructive airways diseases, atenolol is prescribed only in the case of absolute indications. If necessary, in some cases, the use of beta2-adrenomimetics can be recommended.
Patients with bronchospastic diseases can be prescribed cardioselective adrenoblockers in case of intolerance and / or ineffectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs, but strict monitoring of dosage should be carried out. Overdosing is dangerous by the development of bronchospasm.
Particular attention is needed in cases where surgical intervention is required under general anesthesia in patients taking atenolol. The drug should be discontinued 48 hours before the intervention.As an anesthetic, the drug should be chosen with the possible minimum negative inotropic effect.
With the simultaneous use of atenolol and clonidine, the use of atenolol is stopped for several days before clonidine in order to avoid the symptom of withdrawal of the latter. It is possible to increase the severity of the reaction of hypersensitivity and the lack of effect from the usual doses of epinephrine against the background of a burdened allergological anamnesis.
Drugs that reduce the reserves of catecholamines (for example, reserpine) can enhance the action of beta-blockers, so patients taking such drug combinations should be under constant medical supervision to detect a marked decrease in blood pressure or bradycardia.
In the case of an increasing bradycardia (less than 50 beats per minute), arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg), atrioventricular blockade, bronchospasm, ventricular arrhythmias, severe violations of the liver and kidneys in elderly patients, it is necessary to reduce the dose or stop treatment.
It is recommended to stop therapy with the development of depression caused by the use of beta-blockers.
If intravenous Verapamil is needed, this should be done at least 48 hours after taking atenolol.
When using atenolol, tear production can be reduced, which is important in patients using contact lenses.
Do not abruptly interrupt treatment because of the risk of developing severe arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. Abolition is carried out gradually, reducing the dose for 2 weeks or more (reduce the dose by 25% in 3-4 days).
It should be abolished before the study of blood and urine levels of catecholamines, normetanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid; titers of antinuclear antibodies. In smokers, the effectiveness of beta-blockers is lower. Pregnancy and lactation.
Pregnant women should be prescribed atenolol only in cases where the benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. Atenolol excreted in breast milk, so if during the period of breastfeeding the drug is indicated, it is better to stop breastfeeding for a while.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms
During the treatment period, it is necessary to refrain from engaging in potentially hazardous activities,requiring increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Drug Interactions
With the simultaneous use of atenolol with insulin, hypoglycemic agents for oral administration - their hypoglycemic effect is enhanced. When combined with antihypertensive agents of different groups or nitrates, hypotensive effect is enhanced. The simultaneous use of atenolol and verapamil (or diltiazem) can cause a mutual enhancement of cardiodepressive action.
The hypotensive effect is weakened by estrogens (sodium retention) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids. With the simultaneous use of atenolol and cardiac glycosides, the risk of bradycardia and violation of atrioventricular conduction increases.
With the simultaneous administration of atenolol with reserpine, methyldopa, clonidine, verapamil, a pronounced bradycardia may occur.
Simultaneous intravenous administration of verapamil and diltiazem can provoke cardiac arrest; Nifedipine can lead to a significant reduction in blood pressure.With the simultaneous use of atenolol with derivatives of ergotamine, xanthine, its effectiveness is reduced.
When the combined use of atenolol and clonidine is discontinued, clonidine treatment continues for a few more days after atenolol is discontinued.
Simultaneous use with Lidocaine may reduce its elimination and increase the risk of toxic effects of lidocaine.
The use together with phenothiazine derivatives, promotes an increase in the concentration of each of the drugs in the blood serum.
Phenytoin with IV introduction, medicines for general anesthesia (derivatives of hydrocarbons) increase the severity of cardiodepressive action and the likelihood of lowering blood pressure.
When combined with euphyllin and theophylline, mutual suppression of therapeutic effects is possible.
It is not recommended simultaneous use with MAO inhibitors due to a significant increase in antihypertensive effect, a break in treatment between the intake of MAO inhibitors and atenolol should be at least 14 days.
Allergens used for immunotherapy, or allergen extracts for skin tests increase the risk of severe systemic allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.
Means for inhalation anesthesia (derivatives of hydrocarbons) increase the risk of oppression of myocardial function and the development of hypertension. Amiodarone increases the risk of bradycardia and AV conduction depression. Cimetidine increases the concentration in the blood plasma (inhibits metabolism). Iodine-containing radiopaque agents for intravenous administration increase the risk of anaphylactic reactions.
Lengthens the effect of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants and anticoagulant effect of coumarins.
Tri- and tetracyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics (neuroleptics), ethanol, sedatives and hypnotics increase the inhibition of the central nervous system.
Unhydrated ergot alkaloids increase the risk of peripheral circulatory disorders.
Analogues of the drug Atenolol
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Athenobene;
- Atenova;
- Atenol;
- Atenolan;
- Atenolol Belupo;
- Atenolol Nycomed;
- Atenolol Stade;
- Atenolol Adgio;
- Atenolol AKOS;
- Atenolol Acry;
- Atenolol ratiopharm;
- Atenolol Teva;
- Atenolol UBF;
- Atenolol FPO;
- Atenosan;
- Betacard;
- Velorin 100;
- Vero Atenolol;
- Ormidol;
- Prinorm;
- Sinar;
- Tenormin.
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