Phenobarbital - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and formulations (5 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg tablets) of the drug for the treatment of epilepsy, chorea and spastic paralysis in adults, children and pregnancy. Interaction with alcohol

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Phenobarbital. There are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of physicians specialists on the use of Phenobarbital in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Phenobarbital in the presence of existing structural analogues.Use to treat epilepsy, chorea and spastic paralysis in adults, children (including infants and newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Interaction of the drug with alcohol.

Phenobarbital refers to the barbiturate group. Interacts with the barbiturate site of the benzodiazepine-GABA-receptor complex, which increases the sensitivity of GABA receptors to GABA, leads to the opening of neuronal channels for chloride ions, which leads to an increase in their entry into the cell. Reduces the excitability of neurons in the epileptogenic focus and the spread of nerve impulses. It shows antagonism against a number of exciting mediators (glutamate and others). Suppresses the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, reduces motor activity, depresses the cerebral function, incl. respiratory center. Has no significant effect on the cardiovascular system. Reduces the tone of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. In small doses, the intensity of metabolic processes decreases somewhat, which can be manifested by a slight hypothermia.

It has anticonvulsant, sedative (in small doses), hypnotic, antihyperbilirubinemic, myorelaxing and spasmolytic action.Being an inducer of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in the liver, it increases its detoxification function, reduces the concentration of bilirubin in the blood serum.

Pharmacokinetics

When ingested slowly absorbed, completely. Metabolised in the liver. Cumulated in the body. It is excreted by the kidneys in the form of glucuronide, about 25% - unchanged. Penetrates into breast milk and through the placental barrier.

Indications

epilepsy (all types of seizures except for absences);
convulsions of non-epileptic genesis;
chorea;
spastic paralysis;
sleep disorders;
excitation;
anxiety;
fear.

Forms of release

Tablets 5 mg and 50 mg (in dosage for children), 100 mg.

Instructions for use and dosage

Inside.

For adults:

sleep disorders: 100-200 mg per 0.5-1 h before bedtime;
as a sedative drug: 50 mg 2-3 times a day;
as an anticonvulsant: 50-100 mg 2 times a day.

With a decrease in liver function should be administered in smaller doses.

Tablets for children (5 mg and 50 mg)

Children (30-40 minutes before meals - 2 times a day) at the age of 6 months - a single dose of 5 mg, 6 months - 1 year, respectively - 10 and 20 mg, 1-2 years - 20 mg, 3-4 years - 30 mg, 5-6 years - 40 mg, 7-9 years - 50 mg, 10-14 years - 75 mg.

Side effect

asthenia;
dizziness;
general weakness;
ataxia;
nystagmus;
hallucinations;
depression;
nightmarish dreams;
sleep disorders;
violation of osteogenesis and development of rickets;
nausea, vomiting;
constipation;
agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia;
a decrease in blood pressure;
skin rash;
hives;
swelling of eyelids, face and lips;
labored breathing;
exfoliative dermatitis;
malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome);
drug dependence.

Contraindications

marked hepatic and / or renal insufficiency;
drug dependence (including in the anamnesis);
hyperkinesis;
myasthenia gravis;
severe anemia;
porphyria;
diabetes;
hypofunction of the adrenal glands;
hyperthyroidism;
depression;
bronchial obstructive diseases;
active alcoholism;
pregnancy;
lactation period;
in a dosage of 100 mg is not used in children due to the impossibility of accurate dosing (for children use tablets containing 5 mg or 50 mg of phenobarbital);
hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

Use in children

For children (including infants and newborns) use tablets containing 5 mg or 50 mg of phenobarbital.

special instructions

Avoid prolonged use of the drug due to the possibility of its cumulation in the body and the development of addiction.

To avoid the development of the syndrome of "withdrawal" (headaches, "nightmarish" dreams, drowsiness and / or insomnia), treatment should be discontinued gradually.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and manage mechanisms

During treatment, it is not recommended to drive the car, and also engage in activities that require speed of psychomotor reactions.

Drug Interactions

Phenytoin and valproate increase the content of phenobarbital in the blood serum.

Anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital decreases with simultaneous reception with reserpine, increases when combined with amitriptyline, nialamide, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide.

Reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and salicylates.

Reduces the blood in the blood of indirect anticoagulants, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), griseofulvin, doxycycline, estrogens and other drugs metabolized in the liver along the oxidation path (speeds up their destruction).

Strengthens the effect of alcohol, neuroleptics, narcotic analgesics, muscle relaxants sedatives and hypnotics.

Acetazolamide, alkalinizing urine, reduces the reabsorption of phenobarbital in the kidneys and weakens its effect.

The hypnotic effect of phenobarbital decreases with simultaneous reception with atropine, belladonna extract, dextrose, thiamine, nicotinic acid, analeptics and psychostimulating drugs.

Reduces antibacterial activity of antibiotics and sulfonamides, antifungal action of griseofulvin.

Analogues of the drug Phenobarbital

Structural analogs for the active substance:

Luminal;
Phenobarbital tablets for children.

If there are no analogues of the medication for the active substance, you can go to the links below for diseases, from which the corresponding drug helps, and to look at the available analogs for therapeutic effects.

Used for the treatment of diseases: epilepsy, convulsions, chorea, paralysis, spastic paralysis, sleep disturbance, excitation, anxiety, fear, feeling of fear