Isoniazid - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (tablets 100 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg, injections in ampoules) drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Isoniazid. Presented are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors specialists on the use of Isoniazid in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of isoniazid in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of tuberculosis, including tuberculous meningitis in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Isoniazid - anti-tuberculosis agent 1 of the series. Has a bactericidal effect. Isoniazid is active against extracellular and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially in relation to actively dividing. The exact mechanism of its action is unknown. It is assumed that it is associated with the suppression of the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are part of the cell wall of mycobacteria.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract. When taken with food, absorption and bioavailability decrease. Widely distributed in all tissues and body fluids. Binding to plasma proteins is very low (0-10%). Metabolised in the liver. It is excreted in the urine, a small amount - with feces.

Indications

• treatment of all forms of active tuberculosis, incl. tuberculous meningitis (as part of combination therapy);
• prevention of tuberculosis in persons in close contact with patients with tuberculosis;
• in persons with a positive skin reaction (more than 5 mm) per tuberculin and X-ray data indicating non-progressive tuberculosis;
• in children younger than 4 years with a positive reaction to tuberculin (more than 10 mm) and an increased risk of dissemination.

Forms of release

Tablets 100 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg.

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection (injections in ampoules for injection).

Instructions for use and dosage

The dose is set individually, depending on the nature and form of the disease.

Inside adults and adolescents - 300 mg once a day or 15 mg / kg per day 2-3 times a week (as determined by the scheme of therapy), children - 10-20 mg / kg once a day or 20-40 mg / kg 2-3 times a week (as determined by the therapy regimen).

Intramuscularly, adults and adolescents are administered 5 mg / kg once a day or 15 mg / kg 2-3 times a week, children 10-20 mg / kg once a day or 20-40 mg / kg of 2- 3 times a week.

The duration of treatment is determined individually.

Intracavernosis is administered in a daily dose of 10-15 mg / kg. At inhalations - 5-10 mg / kg a day in 1-2 reception.

The maximum daily intake for adults with oral and intravenous administration is 300 mg.

Side effect

• headache;
• dizziness;
• psychosis;
• euphoria;
• sleep disorders;
• peripheral neuritis;
• nausea, vomiting;
• drug hepatitis;
• pain in the heart;
• gynecomastia in men;
• menorrhagia in women;
• skin rash;
• itching.

Contraindications

• epilepsy;
• seizures and poliomyelitis in history;
• impaired liver and / or kidney function;
• atherosclerosis.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Possible use of isoniazid in pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

Isoniazid penetrates the placental barrier, excreted in breast milk.

special instructions

It is not recommended to use isoniazid in a dose of more than 10 mg / kg in severe forms of cardiopulmonary insufficiency and / or hypertension, coronary heart disease, widespread atherosclerosis, diseases of the nervous system, bronchial asthma, psoriasis, eczema in the exacerbation phase, myxedema.

To avoid the rapid development of the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs.

After the injection, the patient must comply with bed rest for 1-1.5 hours.

To reduce side effects concomitantly with isoniazid prescribed pyridoxine (inside or intramuscular), or glutamic acid (inward), or thiamine (intramuscularly).

It should be noted that isoniazid is metabolized in the liver by acetylation to inactive metabolites. The degree of acetylation is determined by genetic factors.In connection with the unequal degree of metabolism before the use of isoniazid, it is expedient to determine the rate of its inactivation by the content of the active substance in the blood and urine. In patients with rapid inactivation, isoniazid is used in higher doses.

Drug Interactions

With simultaneous use with rifampicin, the risk of hepatotoxicity increases (especially in patients with impaired hepatic function).

At simultaneous application with Paracetamol the risk of development of a hepatotoxic action increases, since. isoniazid induces cytochrome P450, which leads to an increase in the content of toxic metabolites of paracetamol.

With the simultaneous use of isoniazid with Carbamazepine or phenytoin, the metabolism of the latter is suppressed, which leads to an increase in their concentrations in the blood plasma and an increase in the toxic effect.

Analogues of Isoniazid

Structural analogs for the active substance:

• Isoniazid Darnitsa;
• Isoniazid Ferein;
• Isoniazid injection 10%.

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