Novokain - instructions for use, reviews, analogues and forms of release (injections in ampoules for injection in a solution of 0.25%, 0.5% and 2%, suppositories rectal 100 mg) drugs for anesthesia, blockade and dilution of drugs in adults, children and in pregnancy
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Novocaine. There are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors specialists on the use of Novocain in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Novocaine in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for anesthesia, blockade and dilution of drugs in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.
Novocaine - a local anesthetic with moderate anesthetic activity and a large breadth of therapeutic effect. Being a weak base, it blocks Na + channels, prevents generation of pulses in the endings of sensitive nerves and impulses along nerve fibers. Changes the action potential in the membranes of nerve cells without a pronounced effect on the resting potential.
Suppresses carrying out not only pain, but also impulses of another modality. With absorption and direct vascular injection into the blood flow reduces the excitability of peripheral cholinergic systems, reduces the formation and release of acetylcholine from preganglionic endings (possesses some ganglion-blocking action), eliminates spasm of smooth muscles, reduces the excitability of the myocardium and motor cortex areas of the brain.
Eliminates the descending inhibitory effects of the reticular formation of the brain stem. Oppresses polysynaptic reflexes. In large doses can cause seizures. Has a short anesthetic activity (duration of infiltration anesthesia is 0.5-1 h).
Pharmacokinetics
It is subject to complete systemic absorption.The degree of absorption depends on the location and the route of administration (particularly by the introduction and vascularization flow rate) and total dose (the amount and concentration). Rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases plasma and liver with the formation of two major pharmacologically active metabolites: diethylaminoethanol (possesses moderate vasodilating action) and para-aminobenzoic acid (a competitive antagonist of sulfonamides and can weaken their antimicrobial effect). It is excreted mainly by kidneys in the form of metabolites, in an unchanged form, no more than 2% is excreted.
Indications
- infiltration (including intraosseous) anesthesia;
- for the dilution of medicinal products and to reduce the pain effect of the drugs being administered;
- vagosympathetic cervical, paranephalic, circular and paravertebral blockades.
Forms of release
A solution for injection (injections in ampoules) 0.25%, 0.5% and 2%.
Candles rectal 100 mg.
Instructions for use and dosage
Only for the solution of procaine (active substance Novocaine) 5 mg / ml (0.5%).
For infiltration anesthesia, 350-600 mg (70-120 ml) is administered.Higher doses for infiltrative anesthesia for adults: the first single dose at the beginning of the operation is not more than 0.75 g (150 ml), then no more than 2 g (400 ml) of solution is administered during each operation hour.
With paranephric blockade (according to Vishnevsky), 50-80 ml is injected into the peritoneal cellulose.
In the case of circular and paravertebral blockade, 5-10 ml are injected intradermally. With vagosympathetic blockade inject 30-40 ml.
To reduce absorption and lengthening of action with local anesthesia, 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride is additionally administered - 1 drop per 2-5-10 ml of procaine solution.
The maximum dose for use in children older than 12 years is 15 mg / kg.
Side effect
- headache;
- dizziness;
- drowsiness;
- weakness;
- increase or decrease in blood pressure;
- peripheral vasodilation;
- collapse;
- bradycardia;
- arrhythmias;
- pain in the chest;
- itching of the skin;
- skin rash;
- other anaphylactic reactions (including anaphylactic shock);
- urticaria (on the skin and mucous membranes).
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity (including para-aminobenzoic acid and other local anesthetic esters);
- for anesthesia using the creeping infiltrate method - pronounced fibrotic changes in the tissues.
Application in pregnancy and lactation
If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during pregnancy, one should compare the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus. With caution in the period of delivery.
If you need to use the drug during lactation, you should decide whether to stop breastfeeding.
special instructions
Before use, it is recommended that samples be tested for individual sensitivity to the drug.
Patients need control of the functions of the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the central nervous system.
It is necessary to cancel monoamine oxidase inhibitors 10 days before the introduction of a local anesthetic.
It should be borne in mind that when carrying out local anesthesia using the same total dose, the toxicity of the procaine is the higher the more concentrated solution is used.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms
During the treatment period, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities requiring increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Drug Interactions
Strengthens the depressing effect on the central nervous system of medicines for general anesthesia, hypnotics, sedatives, narcotic analgesics and tranquilizers.
Anticoagulants (ardeparin sodium, dalteparin sodium, danaparoid sodium, enoxaparin sodium, Heparin sodium, warfarin) increase the risk of bleeding. When treating the injection site with disinfectant solutions containing heavy metals, the risk of developing a local reaction in the form of tenderness and swelling increases.
Use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline) increases the risk of a pronounced decrease in blood pressure. Strengthens and lengthens the action of myorelaxing drugs. Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, methoxamine, phenylephrine) extend the local anesthetic effect.
Novocaine reduces the anti-miasthenic effect of drugs, especially when used in high doses, which requires an additional correction of the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Cholinesterase inhibitors (antimiasthenic drugs, cyclophosphamide, demecaria bromide, eco-thiopate iodide, thiotepa) reduce the metabolism of local anesthetic drugs.
The metabolite of procaine (paraaminobenzoic acid) is a sulfonamide antagonist.
Analogues of Novokain
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Novocaine buffalo;
- Novokain-Vial;
- Novocaine base;
- Novocain solution for injection;
- Procaine hydrochloride.
Similar medicines:
Other medicines:
- Xidiphon - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (a solution of 20% - 2%) of the drug for the treatment and regulation of calcium metabolism, with urolithiasis in adults, children and pregnancy
- Polizhinaks - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (capsules or vaginal candles, emulsions Virgo) drugs for the treatment of vaginitis, thrush in adults, children and pregnancy
- Cerucal - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (10 mg tablets, injections in ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular injections) of a drug for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults, children and during pregnancy (toxicosis)