Azithromycin - instructions for use, analogs, reviews and release forms (capsules and tablets 250 mg and 500 mg) drugs for the treatment of angina, pneumonia and other infections in adults, children and pregnancy
In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Azithromycin. Presented are reviews of visitors to the site - consumers of this medication, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Azithromycin in their practice. A big request is to actively add their feedback on the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, which were observed complications and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Azithromycin in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of angina, pneumonia and other infections in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.
Azithromycin - broad spectrum antibiotic.Is a representative of a subgroup of macrolide antibiotics - azalides, acts bacteriostatically. When creating a high inflammation in the focus of inflammation has a bactericidal effect.
Effects on extracorporeal and intracellular pathogens. Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms are sensitive to azithromycin; some anaerobic microorganisms: Bacteroides bivius, Clostridium perfringens, Peptostreptococcus spp; as well as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi. Azithromycin is not active against Gram-positive bacteria, resistant to erythromycin.
It is also active against Toxoplasma gondii.
Pharmacokinetics
Azithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract, which is due to its resistance to acidic environment and lipophilicity. Azithromycin well penetrates the respiratory tract, organs and tissues of the urogenital tract (particularly the prostate gland), the skin and soft tissues. The ability of azithromycin to accumulate mainly in lysosomes is especially important for the elimination of intracellular pathogens. It is proved that phagocytes deliver azithromycin to the site of infection, where it is released during phagocytosis. The concentration of azithromycin in the foci of infection is significantly higher than in healthy tissues (an average of 24-34%) and correlates with the degree of inflammatory edema.Despite the high concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin does not significantly affect their function. Azithromycin is maintained in bactericidal concentrations for 5-7 days after the last dose, which allowed the development of short (3-day and 5-day) courses of treatment. In the liver demethylated, the metabolites formed are not active. 50% is excreted with bile in the unchanged form, 6% - by the kidneys.
Indications
Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the preparation:
- infection of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (sore throat, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media);
- scarlet fever;
- infections of the lower respiratory tract (including those caused by atypical pathogens);
- infections of the skin and soft tissues (erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses);
- infection of the urogenital tract (uncomplicated urethritis and / or cervicitis);
- Lyme disease (borreliosis), for the treatment of the initial stage (erythema migrans);
- diseases of the stomach and duodenum, associated with Heliobactcr pylori (as part of a combination therapy).
Forms of release
Tablets, film-coated 250 mg and 500 mg.
Capsules 250 mg and 500 mg.
Instructions for use and dosage
Inside, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals 1 time per day.
Adults with infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract - 500 mg per day for 1 reception for 3 days (exchange dose - 1.5 g).
For infections of the skin and soft tissues - 1000 mg per day on the first day for 1 reception, then 500 mg per day daily from 2 to 5 days (course dose - 3 g).
In acute infections of the urogenital organs (uncomplicated urethritis or cervicitis) - once 1000 mg.
In Lyme disease (borreliosis) for the treatment of stage 1 (erythema migrans) - 1000 mg on the first day and 500 mg daily from 2 to 5 days (course dose - 3 g).
With gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori - 1 g per day for 3 days as part of combined antihelikobakternoy therapy. Children older than 12 years (with a body weight of 50 kg and more) with infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues - 500 mg once a day for 3 days.
In the treatment of erythema migrans in children, the dose is 1000 mg on the first day and 500 mg daily from 2 to 5 days.
Side effect
- diarrhea;
- nausea;
- abdominal pain;
- dyspepsia (flatulence, vomiting);
- constipation;
- anorexia;
- change in taste;
- Candidamycosis of the oral mucosa;
- palpitation;
- pain in the chest;
- dizziness;
- headache;
- drowsiness;
- neurosis;
- sleep disturbance;
- vaginal candidiasis;
- rash;
- angioedema;
- itching of the skin;
- hives;
- conjunctivitis;
- increased fatigue;
- photosensitization.
Contraindications
- hepatic and / or renal insufficiency;
- lactation period;
- children's age till 12 years;
- hypersensitivity (including to other macrolides).
Application in pregnancy and lactation
Can be used during pregnancy, when the benefit of using it significantly exceeds the risk that exists always when using any drug during pregnancy.
If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, it is necessary to solve the problem of stopping breastfeeding.
special instructions
In case of missed dose, the missed dose should be taken as soon as possible, and the subsequent dose should be taken at intervals of 24 hours.
It is necessary to observe a break of 2 hours with the simultaneous use of antacids. After the withdrawal of the treatment, hypersensitivity reactions in some patients may persist, which requires specific therapy under the supervision of a physician.
Drug Interactions
Antacids (aluminum and magnesium containing), ethanol (alcohol) and food slow down and reduce absorption.When co-administration of Warfarin and azithromycin (in normal doses) changes in prothrombin time is found, however, given that the interaction of macrolides and warfarin may be increased anticoagulant effect, patients requires careful monitoring of the prothrombin time.
Digoxin: increased Digoxin concentration.
Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: increased toxic effect (vasospasm, dysesthesia).
Triazolam: reduced clearance and increased pharmacological action of triazolam. Slows down the excretion and increases the plasma concentration and toxicity of cycloserine, indirect anticoagulants, methylprednisolone, felodipine, and drugs undergoing microsomal oxidation (carbamazepine, terfenadine, cyclosporine, hexobarbital, ergot alkaloids, valproic acid, disopyramide, bromocriptine, phenytoin, oral hypoglycemic agents, theophylline and other xanthine derivatives) due to the inhibition of microsomal oxidation in hepatocytes with azithromycin.
Lincosamines weaken the effectiveness, Tetracycline and chloramphenicol - strengthen.
Analogues of the drug Azithromycin
Structural analogs for the active substance:
- Azivok;
- Azimycin;
- Azitral;
- Azitroxy;
- Azithromycin Forte;
- Azithromycin-OBL;
- Azithromycin-Macleodz;
- Azithromycin dihydrate;
- AsitRus;
- AzitRus forte;
- Azicid;
- Vero-Azithromycin;
- Zetamax retard;
- ZI-Factor;
- Zitnob;
- Zitrolide;
- Zitrolid forte;
- Zitrocin;
- Sumazid;
- Sumaclide;
- Sumamed;
- Sumamed forte;
- Sumamecin;
- Sumamecin forte;
- Sumamox;
- Sumatrolide solute;
- Tremak-Sanovel;
- Hemomycin;
- Ecomed.
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